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The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that affect the compactness of the mud filter cake, so as to prepare diaphragm wall slurry with good uniformity, small filtration loss and excellent recycling performance.

In this paper, the thickness, filtration loss and slurry viscosity of the filter cake are used as the characterization methods. The effects of pore depth, slurry specific gravity, intercalated metal ions, bridging polymer and water-soluble polymer on the compactness of the filter cake were studied.

The experimental results showed that the slurry's own pressure (pore depth) and specific gravity have little influence on the compactness of the filter cake and K⁺ can be considered as an auxiliary filtration loss reduction factor. Both the sulfonate copolymer and the potassium polyacrylate particle can significantly reduce the filtration loss of the slurry, which can effectively improve the filter cake compactness. Moreover, the composite application of potassium polyacrylate particles in the sizes of 80–100 and 150–200 meshes can exhibit a better filter cake compaction effect.

It solves the problems of high pulping cost, serious pollution of the environment, poor quality of filter cake formation and large filtration loss during the construction of the diaphragm wall, which improved the construction quality of the diaphragm wall.

A novel ternary flocculant was prepared by a simple compounding method to achieve efficient and rapid mud-water separation. This paper aims to discuss the possible mud-water separation mechanism.

This experimental study aims to investigate the effects of different types of flocculants on the separation of waste mud water and the degradation of flocculants in the supernatant. The flocculating component, the ratio of the flocculating accelerator to the flocculant and the addition amount of the novel ternary flocculant were optimized.

The experimental results show that the composition of the new ternary flocculant is cationic polyacrylamide (CP-02), grafted starch (GS-501) and flocculation sedimentation accelerator, the best effect, the mass ratio is 1:0.5: 0.75. According to 0.25:1 (volume ratio), the new ternary flocculant is pre-configured into a solution with a concentration of 3 kg/m³ to achieve efficient and rapid mud-water separation.

The new ternary flocculant is used for the separation of mud and water in the underground continuous wall waste mud, improving the level of civilized construction.